What should a nurse monitor closely in a patient taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)?

When a patient is taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), monitoring blood pressure changes is particularly important due to the risk of hypertensive crises associated with these medications. MAOIs inhibit the breakdown of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, which can lead to increased blood pressure levels. Certain foods containing tyramine, when consumed with MAOIs, can cause a significant release of norepinephrine, resulting in dangerously high blood pressure. Therefore, the nurse should observe the patient for any signs of elevated blood pressure, such as severe headaches, palpitations, or changes in vision, and be prepared to manage these complications.

The other options are less critical in the context of MAOI treatment. While monitoring for serotonin syndrome is important when combining certain medications that increase serotonin levels, it is not a primary concern solely related to MAOI use. Serum sodium levels and liver function tests may be relevant in other treatment contexts but are not the primary focus when it comes to the specific risks posed by MAOIs.